Probability & Statistics ADP/BS 3 Semester/Term UOS — University of Sargodha 2026

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ADP/BS 3 Semester Examination 2026

Subject: IT Paper: Probability and Statistics (MATH-5103)

Time Allowed: 2:30 Hours 031986 978 Co Maximum Marks: 60

Note: Objective Part is Compulsory. Attempt any three Question form Subjective Part.

Objective Part (Compulsory)

Q.1. Write short answers of the following in 2-3 lines each on your answer sheet. (2*12)

i. Write an example of a correlation related to information technology

ii. Write an example of a continuous variable related to computer science

iii. Write the names of tests for comparing the averages of two independent and two

dependent groups

iv. Define research hypothesis

v. Write the difference between continuous and discrete random variables.

vi. Write the difference between regression and correlation

vii. ~~ What type of data is required for a histogram

viii. When do we use a pie chart?

ix. Write any two uses of the Z-test.

x. Define probability.

xi. State the Bayes rule

xii. ~~ Write the null hypothesis for the Chi-square test of association.

Subjective Part (3*12)

Q.2. Define and explain the following terms with the help of examples related to computer science

i. Random variable

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ii. Correlation

iii. Conditional probability

iv. Multiple regression

Q3.

(a) There is a 1% probability for a hard drive to crash. Therefore, it has two backups, each

having a 2% probability to crash, and all three components are independent of each other. The

stored information is lost only in an unfortunate situation when all three devices crash. What is

the propability that the information is saved?

(bh) A compter program is tested by 5 independent tests. If there is an error, these tests will

dincver it with probabilities 0.1, 0.2, 0.3, 0.4, and 0.5, respectively. Suppose that the program

contains an error. What is the probability that it will be found

i. by at least one test?

ii. by at least two tests? .

iii. by all five tests? ,

QA.

(a) Creators of a ngw software claim that it measures the remaining notebook battery life with

a standard deviation as low as § minutes. To test this claim, a fully charged notebook was

disconnected from the power supply and continued on its battery. The experiment was repeated

50 times, and every time the predicted battery life was recorded. The sample standard deviation

. of these 50 normally distributed measurements was equal to 5.6 minutes. At the 1% level of

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