University of Sargodha BS 7* Semester / 3r' Semester (5" Intake) Exam 2025 Subject: Zoology Paper: Principles & Kineties of Toxicology (Z0OL-6140/Z0'OL-6336) Maximum Marks: 40

University of Sargodha

BS 7* Semester / 3r' Semester (5" Intake) Exam 2025

Subject: Zoology Paper: Principles & Kineties of Toxicology (Z0OL-6140/Z0'OL-6336)

Maximum Marks: 40

Time Allowed: 02:30 Hours

Note: Objective part is compulsory. Attempt any three questions from subjective part.

Objective Part (Compulsory)

Q.1. Write short answers of the following in 2-3 lines of each on your answer sheet.

Define toxicokineties and how it differs from toxicodynamics.

What are the implications of lipophilic toxicants on bioavailability?

Explain the significance of LD50 experiments in toxicology.

Describe two main types of biotransformation reactions.

How do enzymes interact with toxicants to influence toxicity?

What role does the dose-time relationship play in toxicology?

Compare and contrast acute and chronic toxicity.

List and explain three key factors that affect the rate of toxicant metabolis m.

(2*

8)

Q.2.

Q.3.

Q.4.

Q.5.

Q.6.

Subjective Part (3*g)

Discuss the process and significance of Phase I and Phase II biotransformation reactions in the

metabolism of toxicants.

Explain the pharmacokinetic models used to describe toxicant elimination,

focusing on

mathematical models of elimination.

Discuss the factors that influence the distribution of toxicants within the body.

Explain the mechanism of toxicity in detail.

Debate the necessity of the blood-brain barrier and placental barrier as effective barriers against

toxicants.

- LK-4930/10-07-25