Zoology BS Zoology 5 Semester/Term University Of Sargodha (UOS) 2025

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University of Sargodha

BS 7% Semester / 3" Semester (5™ Intake) Exam 2025

Subject: Zoology r: Bioinformatic 4 17)

Time Allowed: 2:30 Hours Maximum Marks: 40

Note: Objective part is compulsory. Attempt any three questions from subjective part.

Objective Part (Compulsory)

Q.1. Write short answers of the following in 2-3 lines of each on your answer sheet. (2*8)

-T. Define PAM and BLOSUM matrices. How do they differ?

Re Define primer.

mm. Why are primers essential for PCR (Polymerase Chain Reaction)?

+7. Name two websites for primer designing.

«. Define phylogenetic analysis. How has this helped in understanding history of organisms?

a. What is threading (also known as fold recognition) in protein structure prediction?

VT. What are the two most common tools used for multiple sequence alignment?

1rd What is genome mapping, and why is it important?

Subjective Part (3*8) :

Q.2. How do ab initio modeling and threading differ in their approach to predicting protein structures?

Q.3. What are the common challenges or limitations faced when performing molecular docking?

Q.4. Explain how microarrays can be used to compare gene expression in healthy versus disease

states?

Q.5. How are PAM and BLOSUM matrices used in sequence alignment?

Q.6. What are some common problems encountered in primer design and how can they be resolved?

Cis LKA975/17-07-25 ~m—moe more meee meee

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